Ramadan is observed at varying levels in different countries and cultures but most Muslims will obey some of the requirements this special month, which includes obligatory fasting between dawn and sunset. This means they can’t eat, drink, smoke or even chew gum during daylight hours. Muslims use this time of abstention for prayer, inner reflection, reaffirmation of faith, reconnection with family, pilgrimage to Hajj and charitable work.

Travelling to Muslim countries
Travelling during Ramadan can be very interesting and give you a true insight into the faith of Islam. The fasting is intended to help teach Muslims self-discipline, self-restraint and generosity. It also reminds them of the suffering of the poor, who may rarely get to eat well. If you’re a non-Muslim you are not obligated to fast but you should be respectful of local and religious customs. Local people will in turn respect your consideration:

• Avoid eating, drinking or smoking in public. If you have to smoke, do so discreetly
• Be aware that in some Muslim countries it’s illegal to eat and drink in daylight during Ramadan.
• Some restaurants will close or operate shorter opening hours during Ramadan 
• Restaurants that cater to tourists should open as usual but hotels will sometimes use screens to keep western diners sectioned off from Islamic guests. 
• You should also be aware that alcohol may be in limited supply or not available at all in some parts of the country and bars may be closed
• Business hours may become shorter in the day and some services may be closed, while public transport timetables may also sometimes be affected
• Dress conservatively (i.e. covering legs, shoulders, chest, upper arms and feet) 
• Avoid any public displays of affection 
• During Ramadan things will happen more slowly than usual. People who are fasting will be tired and may not have a lot of energy, so please be very patient and courteous

Iftar – breaking the fast
At the time of the sunset call to prayer, Muslims break their fast with a small amount of food, pray and then take a meal with family and friends. This is a very festive and social time of day where people get together at home or in coffee shops to spend time together. During iftar there is additional pressure on taxis and other public transport so it’s a good idea to avoid having to travel at this time. 

Eid – the end of the fast
As the end of Ramadan approaches there is normally a lot of activity as people traditionally visit families to celebrate Eid, the three-day festival marking the end of the fast. You should be aware that if you’re planning to travel at this time as this is a public holiday in some countries and travel services may be disrupted.